INDEX	MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE	1600s	1700s	1800s	1900s	CROSS-ERA	ETHNO
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For ladies

Decency skirt

An under-petticoat that isn't very wide and a bit over knee-length, worn between shift and stays. It's supposed to preserve decency in case you fall or if the panier is lifted by a high wind – there were no drawers underneath. Cut as a rectangle and pleated to the waist with a width of maybe 100-150 cm.

Petticoat

At least one should be worn over the panier or pocket hoops so that the hoops don't become visible through the skirt. Cut and makeup are the same as for a jupe. In contrast to modern conceptions, fewer petticoats aren't necessarily better in hot weather.

Pockets

Two bags made of beautiful fabric or embroidered, attached to a waistband and worn under the panier. See also here. Pocket hoops, as the name implies, serve as both pockets and hoops, i.e. you can forgo extra pockets. The size of the pockets (and the length of the slit in pockets, jupe and robe) is a matter of taste and depends on what you want to put inside: How long must the slit be to easily admit you hand holding your wallet, a cell phone, a camera? How big must the pocket be to hold all the things you want to have with you at all times? Unlike with modern garments, you don't have to be careful of the silhouette, so be generous. Pockets were often beautifully embroidered even though they weren't visible. Since it was so easy to transport a lot of stuff without ruining the line of the garment, wrist bags were not used: They appeared only when the slender Directoire line came into fashion, making pockets impossible.

Fans

There's an extra page now.

Parasols

usually had very long, straight handles and rather small covers. It seems that green silk was especially popular. Lace, ruffles and fringes as known from the 19th century were not yet in fashion: Parasol covers tended to be plain. See also this page.
With parasols as with fans, very few people know what is authentic for the period, so even completely unsuitable ones are accepted. However, please choose a 1870s-1910s parasol over a modern "replica" which usually is a) in the style of 1880-1900 and b) often uses plastic parts.

Fichu/ Kerchief

Like the cap, the fichu or kerchief that covers the neckline is regarded as guarding the woman's virtue. Middle-class women put a lot of stock by their virtue, especially if they didn't have much wealth to recommend them. Fashion required them to uncover their breasts, while decency and the priest required them to cover them. They compromised by wearing low-necked dresses and partlets; in the 18th century, partlets were replaced by kerchiefs. Kerchiefs/fichus could be triangular or squares folded into triangles, made of fine cotton, linen or wool, depending on the wealth of the wearer. Some fichus were even made of lace or embroidered all over.

Jewellery

If you want to be sure, don't wear any jewellery. Outside court that is quite appropriate.

Finger rings are documented from the Ranaissance on, but in the 18th century they were not overly popular except as wedding bands. Rich folk wore pearl necklaces and, from the mid-century on, chokers made of silk ribbons or lace. Earrings tended to be made in the shape of teardrops. Wrist bracelets made of pearls were also popular, often with a miniature of the loved one as a centre piece.
Commoners usually made do with a silk ribbon tied with a bow or closed with a silver filigree clasp, or a silver cross supspended form a silk ribbon. Apart from that, there are châtelaines suspended from the skirt waistband to which are attached e.g. the household keys and various sewing implements.

For Men

Knee buckles

served to close the seams of breeches. They were often made as a set with the shoe buckles. Original knee buckles are even rarer on the market than shoe buckles, so you'll have to spend 100-600 Euros for them. Even repros are relatively rare.
Example: Pewter knee buckle (original) front, back. Size ca. 3x4 cm.

Stock buckles

were used to close stocks at the back of the neck. See also here. Originals are extremely rare (I've only ever seen two on sale) and accordingly expensive. Only few suppliers offer replicas - Holger Rathsdorf and Townsend, for instance. See purveyors page.

Watches

were luxury items during the 18th century and therefore status symbols. Some culottes had special pockets for watches in the waistband. Modern pocket watches with spring covers are not really suitable. 18th century pocket watches were a bit thicker than 19th century ones.

Swords

For obvious reasons, I don't know much about swords and the like, and I don't want to: It's not ladylike. If you know anything on the subject, I'd be happy to publish a guest article on the subject.

For both

Shoes

A picture is worth more than a thousand words, so please regard the shoe page. Mark the flaps that were pulled through the buckles. What's also important is that shoes were made on one last, i.e. left and right shoe were the same. From time to time, left and right shoe were switched so that they were deformed evenly.
If you buy hobby shoes, choose black leather - rough side out for lower class, smooth side out for middle to upper. Really authentic shoes aren't cheap, so they should be versatile and comfy. No modern shoe can be remade to mimick a historical shoe, so don't try.

Shoe Buckles

coinsisted of a decorative frame made of pewter, rhinestone, brass, bronze or silver, and a mechanism made of iron. Buckles where the iron workings are not so rusted that they can't be moved are relatively rare and can cost 50-150 euros a pair. The mechanism consists of two iron wings attached to a central axis. One wing has two thorns that are stuck into one flap of the shoe from above. The other wing has longer thorns that go into the other flap. Women's shoe buckles didn't change much during the 18th century, whereas men's giot bigger (up to 6x9 cm). Those who couldn't afford buckles made holes into the shoe flaps and threaded ribbons through them.
Pictures: Brass replica by Holger Rathsdorf, front and back.

Walking Sticks

originally only served as a kind of sword substitute for men, but with the budding Polonaise fashion (c. 1770) women started to use them as well. Usually these were straight sticks with a more or less decorative knob (silver, porcelain, ivory, wood) on the end. They were longer and in most cases thinner than modern ones: Up to the lowest rib, later (esp. for ladies) even reaching almost to the shoulder.

Spectacles

were luxury items in the 18th century. Frames were made of steel or brass, very thin and light, and sometimes gilt- oder silver-plated. The side-pieces were straight, ended in small eyelets and had (not always) a joint in the middle so that the side-pieces didn't extend beyond the glasses when folded. The glasses were of course only available in glass, oval in shape and quite tiny in comparison to modern ones.
Even if you are fortunate enough to find a suitable frame at an antique dealer's, you can only wear authentic spectacles if your impediment is so slight that you can make do with normal, reflecting glass. However, even the most authenticity-aware people apparently don't know enough about spectacles to complain if your frame is OK while the glasses are not. Usually they'll even accept 19th century ones with side-pieces that curl around the ear. Therefore, you can have the worn-out, scratched plastic glasses of your modern, everyday spectacles put into the authentic frame and be accepted. Not logical, but there you are.

*) Brisé fans have no leaf: The sticks are the leaf. They usually are carved and held together by a slik ribbon.

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